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Rural Health Workforce and The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act
Throughout the United States, many rural communities are faced with severe
healthcare workforce shortage issues. These regions often consist of a larger percentage of medically underserved individuals, in conjunction with fewer physicians, nurses, and other healthcare workers.〔Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. (2010). (“Health Care Disparities in Rural Areas: Selected Findings From the 2004 National Healthcare Disparities Report.” ). Retrieved 31 Jan. 2014.〕 The shortage of healthcare workers negatively impacts the quality of medical care due to decreased access to health services as well as an increase in workload placed on providers. Healthcare systems in rural communities generally have fewer personnel and infrastructure, creating substantial healthcare disparities among the United States population. Rural communities tend to have a higher incidence of chronic diseases, infant and maternal morbidity, and occupational injuries. These communities also consist of individuals who tend to be older and have a lower socioeconomic status, which directly relates to the high rate of uninsured individuals.〔Downey, L.H. (2013). ( "Rural Populations and Health: Determinants, Disparities, and Solutions. ) Preventing Chronic Disease, 10(130097). Retrieved 30 Jan. 2014.〕 Ethnic minorities are also increasing in number throughout rural areas, further adding to the size of healthcare disparities.
==Barriers to health care==
The healthcare workforce has a significant impact on the utilization of healthcare within a rural community. Access barriers to health care, predominantly in the form of geography, can necessitate significant travel time as well as increased costs to obtain basic, primary care. Shortages in the healthcare workforce lead to overcompensation for providers due to a larger patient load, with more chronic disease management, along with overtime fees. Primary care physicians tend to be closer to retirement on average, demonstrating that these shortages are expected to worsen and pressure will only increase among the existing workforce. Due to the lack of specialists in rural areas, primary care physicians are expected to perform a greater number of procedures on a larger mix of patients.〔National Rural Health Association (n.d.). (“Health Care Workforce Distribution and Shortage Issues in Rural America.” ) National Rural Health Association Policy Brief. Retrieved 30 Jan. 2014.〕 This shortage also decreases teaching and training opportunities for new providers which makes rural areas less attractive to new physicians and other medical professions from entering the workforce. These factors also make it difficult to retain medical providers and maintain existing infrastructure in terms of hospitals and clinics.
The labor shortage in terms of health care is expected to increase due to the overall aging of the population. The excess volume of patients add to providers’ workloads that are already face with limited resources. This detrimental combination effectively hinders the delivery of timely and appropriate health services. The healthcare workforce in the rural population, with smaller populations dispersed across a larger area, makes the existing and expected shortages more likely to have far-reaching, medically devastating impacts.
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